Role in Criminal Procedure of US Constitution Essay

Job in Criminal Procedure of US Constitution - Essay Example In the US Constitution itself, there is an Article that incorporates arrangement for both pre-preliminary and preliminary rights. Article III, Section. 2, Clause 3 shows that â€Å"[t]he Trial of all Crimes [†¦] will be by Jury; and such Trial will be held in the State where the said Crimes will have been perpetrated [†¦]† (National Archives, â€Å"Constitution of the United States, Art.III,  §.2, cl.3†, 1787) This entry decides two significant components of criminal method, to be specific the jury and setting. These are urgent while they depict the spot and technique for criminal procedure.As for the Bill of Rights, there are a few Amendments that are applicable to the momentum research question. To be increasingly explicit, Amendments Fifth, Sixth and Eight appear to be the most critical to deciding criminal method. Inside the Fifth Amendment, there are a few vital focuses to comprehend as to criminal strategy. In the first place, this Amendment rejects di scipline for capital or scandalous wrongdoings with the exception of explicit cases. So also, in the Eight Amendment, it is expressed that â€Å"[e]xcessive bail will not be required†, nor â€Å"excessive fines, nor remorseless and strange punishments.† (National Archive, â€Å"Bill of Rights, Amendment VIII†, 1789) Second, Amendment V additionally demonstrates that one individual won't be noting twice for a similar wrongdoing. Third, any individual has the privilege not to observer against oneself. At long last, the Amendment doesn't permit the discipline of an individual without due juridical procedure. (National Archive, â€Å"Bill of Rights, Amendment V†, 1789).

Diversity in Child Development for Social Skills -myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theDiversity in Child Development for Social Skills. Answer: Presentation Youngsters are people and their needs and wants are no not as much as grown-ups. Indeed they likewise have some special needs according to specific circumstances. A portion of the fundamental needs of a youngster are food and safe house, passionate security and physical wellbeing. Other formative needs of a youngster are social aptitudes, profession capacities and inward abilities. Necessities of different youngsters contrasts from one another. There are kids who experience the ill effects of mellow intellectual and learning incapacity and there are likewise splendid youngsters whose instructive and advancement needs are very not quite the same as the typical kids. Kids having a place from socially various foundation require various degrees of instruction and care. This report illuminates the different learning and the formative needs of children (3-8) years. It additionally plans to concentrate on the distinctive academic systems for improving the learning procedures in youngsters having differential needs and the jobs of the instructors in achieving them. Learning and formative needs of a kid The requirement for physical movement Children needs to practice and build up their developing bodies. The requirement for accomplishments and fitness Many youngsters are unsure about hypothesis capacities and needs a ton of chances for investigating wide assortments if encounters and profession encounters for getting a few degrees of progress a dominance (Arthur et al., 2015). Requirement for self definition-The youngsters the individuals who are between the age 3-8 years are quickly developing and requires a great deal of chances for investigating their objectives and what they are turning out to be and how would they identify with their general surroundings as an individual from their family culture, race, network. Self assurance begins after the age of 8 (Lewis et al., 2017). The need of inventive articulation The brain of a youngster develops as the body acknowledges the change and they become progressively included past the home. They begin to connect with their companions. In spite of the fact that offspring of 5-8 years are progressively disposed towards their folks. They get the open doors for the inventive articulation that is basic for their turn of events (Lewis et al., 2017). The requirement for positive and social association Although the family is of essential significance for the offspring of 3-8 years, they all require open doors for encountering the positive relationship of the kid with the friends outside the family. The positive relationship can assist with giving solace, security and backing as they are confronted with new thoughts, qualities and emotions (Arthur et al., 2015). The requirement for a productive cooperation Children require open doors for growing new gifts, aptitudes and interests for taking care of business their own lives. The necessity for solid connection with positive older folks each kid requires to build up a strong and solid connection to some positive grown-up during their course of life, who can push them to re-skip in spite of the considerable number of challenges throughout everyday life (Lewis et al., 2017). A talented kid might be clear in the accompanying spaces, Linguistic, sensible numerical abilities, where the youngster has phenomenal aptitudes in reflection and rationale. A portion of the understudies may show incredible feeling of affectability towards music. A portion of the youngsters are gifted in connection with others and builds up a feeling of authority aptitudes from the earliest starting point. Youngsters with inabilities like mental imbalance of Downs condition require unique social treatments separated from learning. Kids having a place with socially various foundation can discover the school condition unfriendly or may experience the ill effects of social stun (Goodwin, 2012). Consequently the encouraging techniques must be progressively favorable for the complete improvement of the youngster. Educational activities and systems As indicated by Stockall and Deenis, (2012), youngsters with uncommon needs, for example, those with language delays require extraordinary considerations, for example, comprehensive projects. Incorporation doesn't only allude to a procedure yet it is tied in with having a place, having decisions or being esteemed. It is likewise about tolerating and esteeming the assorted variety of the people and offering important help to the youngsters. Incorporation is tied in with tolerating and esteeming the assorted variety if the human and offering the necessary help to the youngsters. Comparable to this there had been numerous government funded training approaches - Education for All debilitated Children Act in 1975. As per this law, each one having incapacities are qualified for a free and government funded instruction. As indicated by Wall, (2011), each kid with handicap ought to require a least prohibitive condition for the training. Kids with particular needs ought to resemble the ordina ry instructive condition of his friends. The initial step of actualizing such a domain is the mainstreaming, which alludes to the enlisting of youngsters with incapacities in a similar study hall with other typical children. Reconciliation has likewise been depicted as a program for the regularly creating kids. As indicated by Allen and Cowdery, (2012), there is a little distinction among coordination and mainstreaming. In mainstreaming the youngster need to prepare to enter the standard. Invert mainstreaming can likewise be utilized where the class would require some ordinarily creating understudies. The comprehensive training has got three results participations, relationship and advancement. Enrollment incorporates the kid's instruction with the gatherings. The idea of connections alludes to the various jobs that kids lay while their collaboration with the companions. The formative idea takes a gander at the conventional kinds youth exceptional sorts of training, changes in the useful aptitudes (Allen Cowdery, 2012). Similarly as a creating youngster, there are sure kids who are outstandingly brilliant and begin perusing autonomously from the age of three. Arthur et al., (2015) have portrayed the procedures that would assist the teacher with creating a more extravagant learning condition, where the particularly splendid youngsters are supported to take the learning past the books and the educational plan. Among the homeroom procedures for the talented kids, the initial step is to acclimate himself with the attributes of the kid who is mentally skilled (Biggs, 2012). Skilled understudies may happen to a wide range of ethnic gatherings and may show qualities, for example, capacity to hear and process the mind boggling data quickly and investigate the top to bottom information on a theme (Biggs, 2012). The instructor needs to thoroughly consider of the case and ought to furnish the kid with the chances to go over testing errands dissimilar to the overabundance understudies (Gadzikowski, 2013). As per Jean Piaget, he had set the skilled understudies in his proper tasks and formative stage that requires the learning encounters at the upper degrees of the Bloom's scientific categorization. The National arrangement of the Western human progress had advanced a portion of the conditions that a homeroom needs to follow so as to incorporate the talented understudies, for example, the study hall with skilled understudies ought to contain lesser number of understudies, for example, more consideration could be given to singular understudies (Derman-Sparks Edwards, 2010). The educating ought to be adaptable for developing self-rule in deduction and learning. There should be subjective preparing techniques for advancing critical thinking in regular day to day existence. Arthur et al., (2014) have talked about certain methodologies for brilliant kids, for example, , quickening, Enrichment, Differentiation and Grouping. Supplemental administrations for the understudies having a place with the LGBTQ people group incorporate free guided investigation, appropriate mentorships, and adaptable groupings. There ought to be specialist administrations for helping the instructors for growing the encounters in the customary study halls (Payne Smith, 2013). Regard for the social decent variety is the key standard and social skill is one of the abilities of the youth teachers (Hydon, 2014). The Australian educational plan that gives extraordinary thought to the Indigenous Australians works at the school setting with youngsters over the age of five (Mundine Giugni, 2006). Probably the greatest challenges about instructing the indigenous culture are the dread of causing offense, the conviction that is route far political for the youth care and training (Hydon, 2014). A portion of the academic methodologies that can be taken for the most brilliant understudies are-Through early passage to the Kindergarten, improvement of self-guided directions, educational plan compacting, extending of the educational plan so the learning happens at a quicker rate, extracurricular projects and the correspondence courses. Propelled credit can be given to the talented understudies (Biggs, 2012). Teaching the kids with chemical imbalance includes a group of experts with explicit directions and treatments for tending to the conduct, social and the formative needs of an understudy (Kagohara, et al 2012). As indicated by Gadzikowski, (2013) Applied conduct Analysis (ABA) strategy helps in reclassifying the conduct of the medically introverted kid. Extra showing strategies, for example, Discrete Trial educating (DTT) or the Lovas model can be utilized, where every one of the youngsters is given rehashed open doors for learning and rehearsing. Verbal adulating should be possible if the youngster accomplishes any ideal outcomes (Kagohara, et al 2012). Differential relationship model (DIR) can be utilized for a youngster to extend open circles .This can be cultivated by play exercises. Picture trade correspondence framework (PECS) includes speaking with the photos. This technique can be helpful for the youngsters with language delays. An instructor can assist the kid with developing the jargon and eloquent the wants by utilizing the photos reliably (Kagohara, et al 2012). Essential reaction treatment (PRT) can be utilized to improve the correspondence, social among the youngsters. The Verbal conduct (VB) includes a social research on the language improvement by create

Legalization of Drugs Fails to Resolve Social Problems Essay -- Argume

One need just turn on the 11o'clock news to decide if the war on drugs has been a triumph or a disappointment. Fringe police and the FBI keep on seizing ever-expanding reserves of unlawful medications, while our extreme on wrongdoing arrangements pull thousands to imprison on tranquilize dealing and ownership charges. However, individuals youthful and old proceed to buy and expend a lot of medications for an assortment of reasons, extending from restorative to idealism.   Indeed, even the most vigorous medication implementers need to concede that the present hostile against drugs has been an inauspicious disappointment, in light of the fact that the administration can't forestall what individuals need to do simply through laws (and their authorization). However, does this consequently imply medications ought to be authorized?  We as of now have a contextual analysis to decide if sedate sanctioning strategies will be fruitful. America's battles with liquor give an instant investigation where the advantages and disadvantages of medication legitimization can be estimated as far as lives influenced and dollars spent.   In the early part of the twentieth century, our administration reacted to the requests of different moderation gatherings and denied the deal and dispersion of mixed refreshments. At about a similar time, sorted out wrongdoing picked up power in urban areas, for example, Chicago and New York. Since the general masses despite everything had a ravenous craving for liquor, criminals, for example, Al Capone made millions managing in this unlawful exchange. As their rationale was to amplify benefits paying little mind to cost, the hoodlums took care of opponents in their own, cozy way - as the Valentine's Day Massacre graphically appeared. The viciousness added to the possible annulment of Prohibition laws, and America delighted in the results of matured grapes, wheat and... ... All in all, rather than changing procedure in the present war on drugs, we either persistently attempt the regular old strategies that flop wretchedly or give up unequivocally for the sake of individual rights. Well, shouldn't something be said about the privilege of somebody to drive unafraid of abrupt demise by means of intoxicant? Shouldn't something be said about the infant destined to a difficult life from medicate actuated diseases? Shouldn't something be said about the mate painted dark, blue and red by somebody's clench hands, bat or weapon? Or then again the fan too frightened to even think about talking with a swirling alcoholic because of a paranoid fear of pummeling? Or on the other hand of anybody paying higher vehicle and medical coverage rates?   A well known individual once stated, The individuals who don't gain from history are bound to rehash it. In this circumstance, it would be doubly heartbreaking, for history proceeds even today, educating us on choices of past ages. But then again, we're going to bomb the last, most important test.  

The Film Punch Drunk Love By Paul Thomas Anderson

Sophia Marchese Film 1010 Essay #3 October 2015 There are many aspects that go into the art of filmmaking. Almost everything that the audience experiences in a film has significance in one way or another. Filmmakers use specific components in order to express thoughts and ideas through their work. These fundamentals of filmmaking typically contribute towards meaning. Audiences can draw multiple different meanings from a film, as everyone interprets things in their own way; but ultimately an overall implicit meaning can be understood by drawing attention to the techniques utilized by the filmmakers. This is true of the film Punch Drunk Love, written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. This playfully twisted romantic comedy shows the†¦show more content†¦This establishes the idea that Barry is comfortable blending in with his surroundings in order to avoid standing out. It is the first demonstration of the character’s anti-social tendencies. This is also displayed by Barry’s framing in the long shot. He is positioned in the furthest corner of the room, giving a sense that his life is confined and isolated. The shadows on the right of the frame advance this idea of confinement by constructing the shot to make his office look almost like a cave, in which he feels most comfortable. Barry crosses the frame to walk towards the shadow, which eventually fills the screen with blackness until he opens the door to exit his office. This shot presents the idea that the outside world is very different from the safety of Barry’s cave. The second shot adds to this notion, as Barry immediately witnesses a brutal car crash as soon as he walks outside. Whenever he leaves the safety of his comfort zone, danger presents itself. This sequence does its job to categorize the main character as someone who does not seem capable of normal social interaction. This meaning that he is also incapable of love, or is too consumed with anxiety to look for it. The cinematography in these preliminary shots set u p meaning for the rest of the film. They do not establish the idea that Barry will soon fall in love, but instead show a person that is on the opposite spectrum and completely engaged by

Community Archaeology Archaeology And The World Of...

Community archaeology is another sub-discipline of archaeology, just like Indigenous archaeology is. What is community archaeology, and why does it matter? These are the main two questions that plague community archaeology. From the outside community archaeology just looks like another version of Indigenous archaeology, but it is not. Community archaeology, is archaeology for the people by the people. This is the simplest of definitions, while there is no concrete definition of what community archaeology is, even at the end of the Archaeology in the Community conference the participants were still no closer to a concrete definition. It seems everyone has their own definition of what community archaeology is. There are some common reoccurring themes, â€Å"such as cooperation between professional and non-professional archaeologist, and the belief that archaeology does not have to take place in private between consenting companies.† (Moshenska and Dhanjal 2006: 1) The in tegration of the public into to the world of archaeology isn’t a new concept, archaeologist for decades have been looking to the public to help better understand their surrounds and the history of the area. Ethnographies have been helpful in understanding and interpreting the past, these ethnographies were developed through interviews and observing the locals in a certain area. The emergence of community archaeology has never been pinpointed to one area of the world, since it is practiced all over theShow MoreRelatedAnimal Ancestry : The Field Of Anthropology Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesAncestry Within the field of anthropology, there are various subsections that deal with specific branches of knowledge. Zooarchaeology, specifically, is a division of archaeology that deals with the remains of an animal after it has died. Much knowledge can be gleaned about various aspects of the animal itself, as well as the world surrounding it, through the study of zooarchaeology. The following will discuss the history of zooarchaeology, the methods of study utilized within this branch of anthropologyRead MoreThe Prehistory Of Home904 Words   |  4 Pagesover time in different places of the world. He says that â€Å"In addition to their basic and fundamental function of providing shelter from natural elements, dwellings are powerful and complex concentrates of human existence†¦ our dwellings reflect and shape our lives† (Moore, 3). He believes that homes are representations of the existence of individual humans as well as their surroundings. Jerry Moore is successful in expla ining the importance of home in archaeology throughout history with colorful examplesRead MoreConflict, Looting and the Law Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesmost pragmatic proposal although in a world with increasing common legal frameworks it should not be necessary to propose a compromise which effectively accepts that the international community cannot prevent illicit excavations and the lucrative trade in artefacts. We should accept that the current situation does not work and that making refinements to existing laws and enacting new laws is unlikely to make a substantial improvement. The archaeological community has a responsibility to help or forceRead MoreEssay about Cultural Studies 1st Exam1573 Words   |  7 Pages Linguistic Competence Revitalization Enculturation Linguistic Performance Secularism Fieldwork Monograph Shaman Fundamentalist Multisited Fieldwork Sociolinguistics Holistic New Religious Movement Synchronic Virtual Worlds ______________________________1. People who share information about their way of life with anthropologists. ______________________________2. The process of learning toRead MoreEssay about Mechanics of Experimental Archaeology2563 Words   |  11 PagesExperimental Archaeology. Experimental Archaeology is a scientific approach to analyzing archaeological data found during excavations. Experimental Archaeologists are grounded in science and work to explain various aspect of the past through physical experimentation being the way of analyzing and interpreting the past. This paper will discuss what Experimental Archaeology is and why it is important to the overall field of archaeology, additionally; it will provide examples of Experimental Archaeology. ExperimentalRead MoreThe Importance of Archaeology1232 Words   |  5 Pagesappointed by President Paul von Hidenburg. It is beginning of the big influence of Nazi to power in Germany, they eliminate individuals’ freedom and create a society that surpasses the level of everyone and religious differences and they call it Volk community. In the first two years of his chancellorship, the Nazi became the controller of the power of every organization such as political groups, government’s state, and professional and cultural organization. They brought them in line with Nazi’s desireRead MoreThe Goal Of Archaeological Research906 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough material remains. Remains include anything that was created or modified for use by humans. By studying culture in this way we gain insight into how different communities lived in different areas of the world. We see how our ancestors lived and how culture has changed over time as our ancestors adapted to their e nvironments. Archaeology covers all time periods and geographic areas that humans live or have lived in. By studying artifacts left behind across time we can study how people lived evenRead MoreI Discovered : A Profound Enthusiasm For Learning About The Lives Of Ancient Peoples That Has Furthered My Determination1298 Words   |  6 Pagesand deaths of the deceased individuals: what they ate, their illness and injuries, their lifestyles, and their relationships with others outside their communities. Even their feelings for each other were sometimes evident. I became fascinated with understanding who the individuals were, what kinds of lives they had, and how they viewed the world, with the last question being the most intriguing. We used the small amount of artifacts buried with the deceased and previous finds from inside the cityRead MoreMy Life At The Museum823 Words   |  4 Pagescultural institutions of Fair Park and the Dallas Arts District. Whether day-tripping to the Women’s M useum or the Nasher Sculpture Center, these Dallas institutions first exposed me to a career in the museum world. My first year at Southern Methodist University, I sought further exposure to this world, and completed an internship at the Crow Collection of Asian Art in the heart of the Arts District. There I served as the Education and Events Intern, working with gallery educators, event planners, andRead MoreWhy Is College Pilgrimage?983 Words   |  4 PagesFor thousands of years, humans have travelled all across the world in search of enlightenment and spiritual improvement. These journeys are  seen in every major religion; from the Islamic pilgrimage of Mecca to the Hindu pilgrimage of the Himalayan Char Dham. The act of embarking on a pilgrimage is never an easy undertaking; particularly when that includes the reliance on relationships that have not yet been  forged. This connection with culturally different individuals develop an unequivocal sense

Analysis Of Holden Uses Defense Mechanisms - 1157 Words

Jenny Jung Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP Language, Period 1 08 March 2017 Consequently, Holden uses defense mechanisms, â€Å"as a means of preventing anxiety that would result from conscious awareness of disturbing impulses, wishes, or ideas arising from the id,† (Nevid 471). Nevid explains that according to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms reside in the unconscious part of the human brain because if people were conscious of every single problem, people wouldn’t be able to function. Therefore, Holden is subconsciously utilizing defense mechanisms in order to shield himself from confronting his problems. One major defense mechanism present in Holden’s behavior is denial. Holden’s resides in an ivory tower, reluctant to accept that he’s actually hurt.†¦show more content†¦However, Nevid clarifies, â€Å"Though defense mechanisms may be a normal process of adjusting to the unreasonable demands of the id, they can give rise to abnormal behavior,† (471). Although defense mechanisms can help put off a cert ain problem for some time, relying on defense mechanisms is not always beneficial because it gives people reasons to act irrationally. This clarification of Freud’s theory is strongly portrayed in Holden’s exaggerated view of reality. His denial triggers delusional fantasies in Holden’s mind that he doesn’t seem to think deeply about. For example, when one rash thought entered into Holden’s mind, he delivers an ultimatum to Sally, saying, â€Å"...Tomorrow morning we could drive up to Massachusetts and Vermont...We’ll stay in cabin camps until the dough runs out. Then, when the dough runs out, I could get a job somewhere, and we could live somewhere with a brook and all and, later on, we could get married or something,† (Salinger 132). At the age of sixteen, as if it’s not unrealistic enough, he tries to persuade Sally. When Sally gives him a reality check, he practically rages at her. Holden is so blinded by the fantasy world he created for himself and his defense mechanisms were giving Holden an excuse to acting abnormally. As a result, he blames Sally for the unreasonable idea he proposed, calling her â€Å"a royal pain in the ass,† (133). This irrational behavior of Holden is exactly what Freud is illustrating in his theory of personality thatShow MoreRelatedHolden Uses Defense Mechanisms1372 Words   |  6 PagesConsequently, Holden uses defense mechanisms, â€Å"as a means of preventing anxiety that would result from conscious awareness of disturbing impulses, wishes, or ideas arising from the id,† (Nevid 471). Nevid explains that according to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms reside in the unconscious part of the human brain because if people were conscious of every single problem, people wouldn’t be able to function. 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Such growth has seen positive legislative moves that have allowed the use of telecommunication gadgets in monitoring trends of criminal activities and criminal gangs[footnoteRef:1]. Most commonwealth nation which United Kingdom is a member have since passed and enacted laws that provide some sort of immunities and exemptions forRead MoreEffects Concerning School-Age Bullying: A Retrospective Examination of College Students Experiences3654 Words   |  15 Pagesand low social self-esteem. Teasing and other bullying issues in early childhood also tend to develop further difficulties for the college students. The less comfortable and minimal intimacy issues are also highlighted as a result of the research analysis. The lease amount or trust is also extended to the friendly and most close relations. The worrisome signs also include the unloved and abandoned in the relationships. 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Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Communications/MediaRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pagesestablished by a study of the job, rather than by historical data, and if incentives could be provided. 3. Search for Science in Management (it is important to point out that management is not a science in an academic sense, but Taylor intended to use a scientific fact-finding method to determine a better way): a. Time study -- this was prescriptive in that Taylor sought to identify the time a job should take (contrast this with Charles Babbage who measured only the length of a work cycle).

Policy Framework Data Breaches

Question: Discuss about the Policy Framework for Data Breaches. Answer: Introduction: The security breach, also known as the security violation refers to an incident in the information technology area. It takes place when an application or a person intrudes into the logical IT periphery which is private, unauthorized and confidential (Walters, 2014). A research has been carried out regarding the incident of security firms got knocked around in Russia. It took place from September to December on 2015. The following report focuses about the problem, the way it occurred and the reasons behind it on the basis if the research. The security breach results in the unauthorized ingress of networks, devices, services, applications and data by bypassing through the underpinning security mechanisms. On the month of October, the Russian security from the Kaspersky lab claimed that their network is breached. They have already created popular line software on antivirus and they meant that the hackers were none other than the agents working for the state. Eugene, the CEO acclaimed that the breach occurred using zero-day and series of advanced attacks. This was done to gather data about the latest services and technology of the company (Stanwick Stanwick, 2014). This has been one of the early platforms of attack on security by any malicious trespasser. The intruder could have been any cracker, hacker or any nefarious application. The security procedures and policies were violated. It could be anything varying from the low to high critical risks. Many professionals in the cyber security department coined the year 2014 as the year of breach. Then, the year of 2015 was seen as the year of the breach 2.0 as the attackers were following bigger prey. This included the significant government agencies like the attack on the Kasperkey Lab (Johnson, 2015). However, there have been two silver linings on the case. Firstly, the Lab declared that the invasion were determined before any impactful harm was done. The customers were also secured while the incursion has been going on (Leon, 2015). Secondly, the job became easier as the attack was done over a company that has been specialized in founding new attacking techniques. This factor was the most important. Hence attacking on this company was not a good approach. The attackers has lost their expensive and advanced technological framework developed with lots of penance through many years. Moreover, several technologies have been already accessible under the licensing agreements on which the attackers have tried to keep surveillance (McDougal, 2015). Further, the latest vectors of attack utilized were included already in the monitoring software of the firm. How the problem occurred: It has been not clear who undertook the breach. A couple of zero-day exploits of Flash were sitting in the open waiting for the active days when the data should be popped out. The hackers appeared to be the same team that was created by Duqu. It was a spyware that was discovered on 2011. As exposed by Kasperkey, the handiwork of the team popped up with two sophisticated instruments. They were the Flame surveillance platform massive in nature infecting thousands of people for five years (Haukkala, 2015). Another one was the Gauss attack mysteries in nature contain a payload locked with security and was not deciphered yet. Malware has been spread by using the Microsoft Software Installer files. These files have been generally used by the employees of the information technology in order to install programming into remote computers. The cost of the zero-day exploits was assumed to be very high. Reason behind the attack: The attackers turned entrenched within their network for some years. Their purpose had been to siphon the intelligence regarding the attacks on nation states that the company was investing. It was like a situation here the observers have been observing the observers who have been observing them. They also desired to study the working mechanisms of Kasperskys detection software (Jacobson, 2015). In this manner they wished to be able to devise methods for not getting caught. Possible solutions for the attack: Kaspersky was successful in determining them while going a test of a latest product. That has been developed to unveil the exact types of attack the attackers have launched. The only approach that has been ethical from such discoveries of exploitation has been to disclose them. The disclosure was to be done to the software authors. In the present case the software author was the Adobe Systems Inc (Bradshaw, 2015). Breaches have been still hogging much portions of the spotlight. In spite of this, instead being controlled by the events hitting huge retail customers, its effect has been different. It put its impact on the tech giants, public sectors. It further affected the individuals and firms who have trusted the online security of Kaspersky. This made the year of 2015 the extremely roughest year. The spying over the cyber-security firms has been a very risky tendency and practice. The only way to secure the nations has been to fight the attacks openly by the security firms and agencies of law enforcement. All it started in June 2014 as one of employees computer of JPMorgan was hacked. It was been infected with a malware that stole some login credentials. The staff was connected remotely with the corporate network by VPN or virtual private network. The hacker snatched the access to their internal network (Silver-Greenberg, Goldstein Perlroth, 2014). The following report explores the background of the problem. It determines who were affected and how it took place. It has further analyzed the way in which the hacking was carried out. Lastly, the solutions for prevention are assessed. The background of the problem: The hackers obtained details of programs and applications that have been running on the computers of the JP Morgan. They were kind of roadmaps for them. They crosschecked the lists with the known vulnerabilities within every web application and program. They were searching for the point of entry back to the system of the bank. This case of anonymity has been claimed by various people who have studied the outcomes of the forensic investigation on the bank (Lohrke, Frownfelter-Lohrke Ketchen, 2016). The hackers have been operating through overseas. They achieved the entry to the details like names, phone numbers, emails and addresses of the account holders at JPMorgan. JP Morgan declared that there has been no clear proof that this information of accounts with passwords or any social security numbers were stolen. They further claimed that there was no evidence of fraud regarding the customer data (Lee, Maker At, 2015). A portion of the information stolen also involved internal information. These data has been identifying customers according to the credit card, mortgage and private banking. The bank would face further risks of hacking from the list of stolen applications and lists. These have been running on the computers of JP Morgan to analyze the vulnerabilities. The attackers have succeeded in hiding some of the tracks. This was because as they have deleted a large number of log files. Sources have been claiming that this was possible they also broke in the past (Ferrell, 2016). JP Morgan has been spending about two fifty million dollars on their security per year. It consisted of a thousand of staffs engaged in cyber security. This was six hundred more than that of Google. After the case, numerous security staffs of JP Morgan left to work at other banks. This indicated that the individuals who have experience and knowledge about the infrastructure network have been resigning (Corker, Silver-Gre enberg Sanger, 2014). This had made JP Morgan vulnerable to more information breaches. The cyber-attack comprised the accounts details of seventy six million families with some million small scale businesses. It has been a tally that minimized the past estimates by JP Morgan and put the access among the highest ever. The confidence of the consumers regarding corporate Americas digital operations got highly shaken. Retailers like the Home Depot and Target sustained significant data breaches. Forty million cardholders and seventy million of others have been compromised at the Target (Telang, 2015). Unlike them JP Morgan which has been the largest bank of the country has financial data within its computers going beyond details of credit cards of the customers. It potentially included much more sensitive information. Carrying out of the attack: The attackers managed to go through the several levels of security. This was done by unleashing programs that were malicious. These were developed to break through the J.P. Morgans network. Then the attackers retrieved the highest layer of privileges successfully. They took control on about ninety and more servers by numerous zero-day vulnerabilities. In order to hide from detection, the information was stolen for several months slowly. There could be a case were the login credential stolen would become useless. This would happen if that was not for the server overlooked which failed to retrieve the two factor authentication upgrade (Peters, 2014). The attacks could be minimized by deploying the HIPS or Host-based Intrusion Prevention System. It has the fighting capability to catch and stop the malwares. This is because its job has been to stop and identify both unknown and known attacks. It is the software that utilizes the system calls to perform behavior monitoring. It observes the correlation among the activities. It blocks the methods as it reaches to a top confidence level (Weise, 2014). Combining the functions of personal antivirus, IDS, behavioral analysis and firewall it prevents the malwares from doing any harm. The human beings have been the weakest link always regarding security issues. This is because every people are not conscious about security. Thus they must be trained and educated properly dealing with the aspects of human. The social engineering is the field to manipulate and trick someone by providing data via exploitation of the human vulnerabilities. Some credits to the success of the attackers at JP Morgan could attribute to the malware infection at the computer of one of the employees. The usage of application whitelisting denies the malwares from installing of itself. It is the software allowing the application to work if they were not present in the application list. Attacks could also be prevented by segregating and protecting the critical assets. It makes the network a compressed zone where everything could be visible. It is the strategy to protect the enclaves in depth. By using the NAC or the Network Access Control prevention of system could be done from access into trusted network. It is done before it has been checked and scanned (Weise, 2014). Conclusion: The occurrence of data breaches in large organizations like JP Morgan has been always undesirable. In addition to the exploring of human aspects enabling attackers to intrude the network various methods of implementation are discussed in the report. The basic protection, HIPS, application whitelisting and employee educations working collectively would catch and stop the malwares from intrusion in any network including the JP Morgan. The employees could also be made aware of social engineering. This may decrease the scopes of the credentials to be stolen. References: Bradshaw, S. (2015). Combating Cyber Threats: CSIRTs and Fostering International Cooperation on Cybersecurity. Corkery, M., Silver-Greenberg, J., Sanger, D. E. (2014). Obama Had Security Fears on JPMorgan Data Breach.The New York Times. Ferrell, O. C. (2016). Broadening marketings contribution to data privacy.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-4. Haukkala, H. (2015). From cooperative to contested Europe? The conflict in Ukraine as a culmination of a long-term crisis in EURussia relations.Journal of Contemporary European Studies,23(1), 25-40. Jacobson, M. (2015). Vulnerable Progress: The Internet of Things, the Department of Defense and the Dangers of Networked Warfare. Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., Freeman, A. (2015).The NMC Horizon Report: 2015 Museum Edition. New Media Consortium. 6101 West Courtyard Drive Building One Suite 100, Austin, TX 78730. Lee, J., Maker, J. M. S. L. D., At, D. (2015). JP MORGAN.Wall Street Journal. Leon, A. D. (2015).Impacts of Malicious Cyber Activities(Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University). Lohrke, F. T., Frownfelter-Lohrke, C., Ketchen, D. J. (2016). The role of information technology systems in the performance of mergers and acquisitions.Business Horizons,59(1), 7-12. McDougal, T. (2015). Establishing Russia's Responsibility for Cyber-Crime Based on Its Hacker Culture.Int'l L. Mgmt. Rev.,11, 55. Peters, R. M. (2014). So You've Been Notified, Now What: The Problem with Current Data-Breach Notification Laws.Ariz. L. Rev.,56, 1171. Silver-Greenberg, J., Goldstein, M., Perlroth, N. (2014). JPMorgan Chase Hack Affects 76 Million Households.New York Times,2. Stanwick, P. A., Stanwick, S. D. (2014). A Security Breach at Target: A Different Type of Bulls Eye.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(12). Telang, R. (2015). Policy Framework for Data Breaches.IEEE Security Privacy,13(1), 77-79. Walters, R. (2014). Cyber attacks on US companies in 2014.Heritage Foundation Issue Brief,4289. Weise, E. (2014). JP Morgan reveals data breach affected 76 million households.USA TODAY.

William Blake Nurses Songs Essays - , Term Papers

William Blake Nurse's Songs T. S. Eliot once said of Blake's writings, ?The Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience are the poems of man with a profound interest in human emotions, and a profound knowledge of them.? (Grant 507) In these books of poetry and art, written and drawn by William Blake himself, are depictions of the poor, the colored, the underdog and the child's innocence and the man's experience. The focus of my paper will be on Blake's use of simple language, metaphors and drawings to show the two different states of the human spirit: innocence and experience. I hope to show this through two poems: the ?Nurse's Song? of innocents and the ?NURSES Song? of experience. In the first poem, the poem representing innocence, the nurse is in the background image as a pretty, young woman, sitting and reading by a tree. Her mood is peaceful and at rest ?When the voices of children are heard on the green / And laughing is heard on the hill.? (Blake 23) The drawing and the poem also convey a sense of peace and trust. The children are na?ve and vulnerable to the pain, the sorrow, and the evils of the perverted world; yet their faith in the fact that they are protected by the nurse, like a lamb by his shepherd, is clear from their play. The nurse herself trusts that the children are safe from perversions because of their voices and laughter. The picture shows this trust of the children through their carefree play, holding hands and dancing in a ring. In the next stanza, the nurse seems to step into her knowledge of experience: Then come home my children, the sun is gone down And the dews of night arise Come Come Leave off play, and let us away Till the morning appears in the skies. (ll. 5-8) She asks them to come in, so as to protect them from the dangers, or maybe just from exposure, to the night and its dampness. Her concern for what the darkness brings can only mean she has experienced the night before. The very minute this stanza begins, a weeping willow tree appears on the right side of the lines. It does not go away until the drama is over and the children get to stay out and continue their play. Just as quickly as the nurse expresses her concern, the children in their innocence express their desire to play more. The children, with their wise innocence, proclaim it is still light out; and not only do they know it, but the sheep still grazing and the birds still flying know it too. With this, the nurse gives in to them, and the children are victorious. By her giving in to them, she shows love and understanding for their knowledge of what is around them. In so doing, she shows that innocence obtains knowledge just as well as an experienced adult. Therefore, would it not be safe to assume that without the corruption of certain experiences the soul can still be knowledgeable and wise? As the poem ends, the echo of laughter and shouting again rules the hills. By returning to the echoing laughter of children, Blake returns the reader to the innocence felt in the beginning. In addition, by using the word ?echoed? to describe how the children's play reverberates throughout the hills, he gives the children's innocence eternity. The innocence and joy these children possess are mirrored in ?Infant Joy.? ?Infant Joy? is about a baby who is just two days old. There is a short dialogue between the baby and the baby's mother: ?I happy am/ Joy is my name, /Sweet joy befall thee!? (ll. 3-5), which describes the simplest form of innocence and joy Blake could ever portray. The poem continues with the sweetness and innocence that a baby represents. The nurse of experience reacts quite differently to the children in their play and the baby of joy. In this poem, a healthy, middle aged nurse brushes a boy's hair. A little girl sits down behind the boy. The illustration shows no sign of carefree play and gives off the impression that these children are repressed. Surrounding the picture is a

Discuss the Most Significant Changes in the 20th Century in the Role of Women essays

Discuss the Most Significant Changes in the 20th Century in the Role of Women essays Throughout the course of the Twentieth Century there have been many significant changes in the role of women. Changes in womens domestic role, education, employment and legislation are discussed to examine these significant changes in the role of women from the 1900s to the present day. During the 1900s womens main purpose was to get married and look after her husband and children, they were treated as second class citizens with few rights. Women were burdened with heavy duty unpaid domestic work within the home. Life for women then consisted of backbreaking housework, without electricity and household aids. For working class women whose husbands were perhaps miners, cleaning was hard work, but essential as socially, women were judged on the cleanliness of their house as a sign of their respectability (early Calvinistic views). Constantly cleaning, washing, scrubbing, cooking, making and repairing clothes, tending to children and having to deal with the household finances, women endured intensive labour seven days a week - with washing itself taking a day and a half to do. It was taken for granted that housework was womens work and that is was natural for women to be at home in the early 20thC. Young girls were expected to help with household chores even w! hen they were in full time employment, whilst young boys were exempt from such chores.[1] Q. And did your father help your mother with any jobs in the house? A. No.No.No my father was very well looked after in the house, even to the fact that his tea was poured out for him, and everything was there just for him to sit down. He was the worker O the house.[2] Womens intensive role within the home and deep-rooted patriarchal views in Scotland denied women access to employment and education. The key change in the early 20thCentury was a reduction in family size (pre-pill) giving women more freedom and ability to ...

Detroit women working in war industries (WWII) Research Paper

Detroit women working in war industries (WWII) - Research Paper Example This caused a huge need for work force in the city. During 1940 s’ there were great discrimination based on sex. Women were not deemed fit to do men’s work. Hence most of the women of that period were housewives. Their main work was to take care of the house and the children. Further during the great depression there was a huge population of men who lost their jobs and was against employing women. The people during that time considered that by employing women, eligible unemployed men were being deprived of jobs. But due to the ongoing war most of the men were enrolled in the army and were not available for work. This resulted in a large scale need for workforce (Milkman, 1987). Another main reason for shortage of work force was the sudden increase in the need for Tanks, Planes, trucks and other equipment required for war fare. Due to the huge increase in need for those articles the major automobile companies in Detroit stopped the production of Automobiles and started c oncentrating more on producing war machines. This lead to development of new factory units and these Factories were involved in the production of war machines and other related equipments. It also created new vacancies and since majority of the men were either fighting for the country or wounded only few men were available to fill up these huge vacancies. This was also the main reason for the sudden shortage of workforce. Due to shortage of workforce, the production was greatly affected. As national interest was involved, the government started showing more concern towards this issue. As a result, the Government decided to involve the women folks of that area to work in the place of men. At the beginning response from the women was very less. Though few women came forward to work, they were only willing to do the traditional female jobs such as clerical or administrative works. They were not willing to do the so called traditional male jobs and they were not willing to work in the f actories. But as there was huge vacancy in these types of jobs the government wanted to employ women in these types of jobs. The call for to work in the factories by the Government was responded mostly by women belonging to minority and lower class who were already employed in some other work. They just shifted from the low paid desk work to a better paid job. This did not help to reduce the need for work force in any way. Hence girls graduating from high schools were also recruited. This also did not suffice the need for the work force. So, the government turned its attention towards house wives. As the majority of the women were housewives, the government started targeting house wives for these kinds of jobs. The male population of the city was totally against this. They thought that by employing housewives the future of the children will be spoiled. In the beginning housewives, especially, with children were prevented from going to work. The government really had a very hard time in bring those women to work. United States of America being a democratic country was not able to force these people to work. Hence, it started to use various other means to do this (Babson, 1986). The government thought of luring the women to work through various propagandas. Through propagandas patriotic feeling was greatly increased. Further economic

STRATEGIC REVIEW CASE ASSIGNMENT 1 THE EXCELLENT CONSULTING GROUP Essay

STRATEGIC REVIEW CASE ASSIGNMENT 1 THE EXCELLENT CONSULTING GROUP - Essay Example A thorough analysis of the external elements of the business as well as the current strategies has also been made, based on which a strong set of recommendations have been set down for the company. The next section will deal with the current situation of the company. Here we discuss the mission and vision of the company followed by the strategies that the company currently adopts. The company’s main objective is to grow to become the leaders in mobile computing. The company’s mission statement is â€Å"Our objective is to be the leader in mobile computing† (Palms Annual Report). The company’s vision statement has been noted to include a number of different areas, like, â€Å"a) Develop market-defining products that deliver a great user experience, b) Provide a choice of industry standard platforms, c) Differentiate our products through software and applications, d) Expand global presence and e) Build a brand synonymous with delightful mobile computing† (Palms Annual Report). It is evident that the company is focusing on becoming the world leaders and has taken all possible steps to ensure that they read their mission. As explained earlier, the company’s goal and objective is to become the world leaders in mobile computing. The company focuses on the providing the industry with a wide range of industry standard platforms (Palm Inc.). The company also focuses on ensuring that products and services provide a great customer experience and allow the customers gain the best of the industry. Based on the goals and objectives of the company, Palm Inc has been able to effectively develop a brand image, which has been consistent with one which provides high quality and excellent customer experience. The company has also been able to use the highest and best level of software and applications. The company’s main strength is the differentiation that the company has been able to achieve in the markets and the high choice of standard platforms that the

Service Marketing-Pizza Hut Essay Example for Free

Service Marketing-Pizza Hut Essay A subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc. , the company oversees more than 11,000 pizza restaurants and delivery outlets in 90 countries worldwide. In October 1997, the company expected to become a subsidiary of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. , formed from the spin-off of PepsiCos restaurant holdings. Pizza Hut was founded in 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown of Wichita, Kansas. When a friend suggested opening a pizza parlorthen a raritythey agreed that the idea could prove successful, and they borrowed $600 from their mother to start a business with partner John Bender. Renting a small building at 503 South Bluff in downtown Wichita and purchasing secondhand equipment to make pizzas, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant; on opening night, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. A year later, in 1959, Pizza Hut was incorporated in Kansas, and Dick Hassur opened the first franchise unit in Topeka, Kansas. In the early 1960s Pizza Hut grew on the strength of aggressive marketing of the pizza restaurant idea. In 1962, the Carney brothers bought out the interest held by Bender, and Robert Chisholm joined the company as treasurer. In 1966, when the number of Pizza Hut franchise units had grown to 145, a home office was established to coordinate the businesses from Wichita. Two years later, the first Pizza Hut franchise was opened in Canada. This was followed by the establishment of the International Pizza Hut Franchise Holders Association (IPHFHA). It aimed at acquiring 40 percent of the companys franchise operations, or 120 stores, and adding them to the six outlets wholly owned by Pizza Hut. The acquisitions, however, brought turmoil to the chain. Varied accounting systems used by the previous franchise owners had to be merged into one operating system, a process that took eight months to complete. In the meantime, sales flattened and profits tumbled. In early 1970 Frank Carney decided that the company practice of relying on statistics from its annual report to inform its business strategy was inadequate, and that a more developed, long-term business plan was necessary. The turning point occurred when Pizza Hut went public and began growing at an unprecedented pace. Pizza Huts corporate strategy, arrived at after much consultation and boardroom debate, emerged in 1972. The corporate strategys first priority was increasing sales and profits for the chain. Continuing to build a strong financial base for the company to provide adequate financing for growth was the second priority. The strategy also called for adding new restaurants to the chain in emerging and growing markets. In 1970 Pizza Hut opened units in Munich, Germany, and Sydney, Australia. That same year, the chains 500th restaurant opened, in Nashville, Tennessee. Further acquisitions that year included an 80 percent stake in Ready Italy, a frozen crust maker, and a joint venture, Sunflower Food Processors, formed with Sunflower Beef, Inc. The same year, the menus for all restaurants added sandwiches to the staple Thin n Crispy pizza offering. In 1971 Pizza Hut became the worlds largest pizza chain, according to sales and number of restaurantsthen just more than 1,000 in all. A year later the chain gained a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Pizza Hut also achieved, for the first time, a one million dollar sales week in the U. S. market. At the end of 1972 Pizza Hut made its long-anticipated offer of 410,000 shares of common stock to the public. The company expanded by purchasing three restaurant divisions: Taco Kid, Next Door, and the Flaming Steer. In addition, Pizza Hut acquired Franchise Services, Inc. , a restaurant supply company, and J G Food Company, Inc. , a food and supplies distributor. The company also added a second distribution center in Peoria, Illinois. In 1973 Pizza Hut expanded further by opening outlets in Japan and Great Britain. Three years later the chain had more than 100 restaurants outside the United States and two thousand units in its franchise network. The companys 2,000th restaurant was opened in Independence, Missouri.

Elements Unifying a report :: essays research papers

Writing reports comes easy to most people, but the trick is to make the report easy and inviting for others to read. It is difficult to pick up and read a report that is dull and boring. I am not talking about the subject of the report but rather the look of it. A report may be chocked full of useful, important, and exciting information; but it may never get read in its ¡Ã‚ ¦ entirety because it looks uninteresting. One way to make a report more inviting to read is the use of eye catchers. An eye catcher is something that captures the eye; it aids you in gaining the reader ¡Ã‚ ¦s attention. Examples of eye catchers are: „ «Sidebars „ «Pull Quotes „ «Drop Capitals Later in this report we will also go over other ways to build a great paper; such as, coversheets and unifying elements. Sidebars  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why use a Sidebar? „ «Makes the report easier to read „ «Summarizes the main message „ «Reinforces the important concepts of the main message Pull Quotes A pull quote is a small selection of text pulled out and quoted in a larger font. One of the benefits of using a pull quote is to draw the attention of the skim reader; it clearly highlights key points of the article or report. Pull quotes add style to a document and also breaks up the monotony of text. A pull quote can be placed within an article, span multiple columns, or be placed in an empty column near the article. Below you will find a good example of a pull quote from Glamour magazine. This one sentence can cause a reader to stop and read it. If the pull quote interests the person enough, he or she may read the balance of the article. The following are some guidelines for doing pull quotes: need to be thought provoking, need to be quick bites of information, and need to include only a single thought. Drop Caps Drop caps add visual interest and directs the reader ¡Ã‚ ¦s eye to the beginning of a section of text. You can use drop caps to enhance the appearance of your document. A drop cap is also another way to put emphasis on a word without using bold or italicized font. Drop caps provide a visual break in long articles or in the main text. You can vary the size, color, and font of a drop cap to achieve a more pleasant appearance. Roger Parker's Newsletters from the Desktop offers these additional tips for using drop caps:

Contemporary Approaches to Management Essay

The contemporary approaches to management include: sociotechnical theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and systems theory. As defined in our text book, (retrieved from: https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/0077530667/pages/116411950) sociotechnical systems theory an approach to job design that attempts to redesign tasks to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving employees’ interpersonal relationships and other human aspects of the work. This idea developed in the 1950’s at London’s Tavistock Institute of Human Relations simply put means that happy employees equal productive employees. Quantitative management is a contemporary management approach that emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions and problems (retrieved from: https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/0077530667/pages/116411950). Although this could be a useful approach, most managers do not implement it due to lack of understanding of the formulas required or because some of the everyday issues they deal with, cannot be put into a mathematical equation. However, it has proven to be a useful strategy in military operations and organization’s strategic planning. Our text defines organization behavior (retrieved from: https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/0077530667/pages/116411951 ) as a contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes. Similar to the sociotechnical systems theory, this idea also emphasizes that the employee’s needs and well being can effect productivity. And the last of the approaches is systems theory defined as a theory stating that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into outputs. (retrieved from : https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/0077530667/pages/116411951 ). This theory recognizes that are many factors that contribute to an organization’s productivity. The input being materials, labor and money are factors that can influence and affect the output (the final product a company sells). All organizations are open systems, which simply mean organizations that are affected by their environments and affect their environment. There are internal, external and competitive environments that make up a company’s macroenviroment. The internal environment refers to things (employees, materials and capital) inside the company. The external environment includes all forces outside the company’s walls, such as the economy, competitors and government. Finally, the competitive environment which is made up of competitors, suppliers and consumers. I would agree that all four approaches play a part in every organization. Depending on the type of business, one strategy may prove more effective than another but at some point the different approaches would be used for the many diverse issues organizations face. There are many similar concepts all company’s face (employees, environment, competition) and each approach has uses in all companies and within the macroenvironment. References: Title: Management (M Starts Here series–soft cover), 3rd ed. (2013) Author(s): Bateman and Snell Physical Book ISBN: 9780078029523 Publisher: McGraw Hill Digital book or physical text: Digital

1970 Palestinian Hijackings of Three Jets to Jordan

On Sept. 6, 1970, terrorists belonging to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) almost simultaneously hijacked three jetliners shortly after they took off from European airports on routes toward the United States. When hijackers on one plane were foiled, hijackers seized  a fourth jet, diverted it to Cairo, and blew it up. The two other hijacked planes were ordered to a desert airstrip in Jordan known as Dawson Field. Three days later, PFLP hijackers seized another jet and diverted it to the desert strip, which the hijackers called Revolution Field. Most of the 421 passengers and crew on board the three planes in Jordan were freed on Sept. 11, but hijackers held on to 56 hostages, most of them Jewish and American men, and blew up the three jets on Sept. 12. The hijackings--part of 29 hijackings attempted or carried out by Palestinian factions between 1968 and 1977--triggered the Jordanian civil war, also known as Black September, as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the PFLP attempted to seize control of Jordan from King Hussein. Husseins toppling failed, however, and the hostage crisis was resolved on Sept. 30 when the PFLP released the last six hostages it held in exchange for the release of several Palestinian and Arab prisoners held in European and Israeli jails. The Hijackings: The Five Planes PFLP hijackers seized a total of five planes during their September 1970 operation. The planes were: Sept. 6: El Al Flight 219 from Amsterdam to New York, a Boeing 707 carrying 142 passengers and crew. It was Hijacked by Patrick Argà ¼ello, a Nicaraguan-American doctor, and Leila Khaled, a Palestinian. An Israeli air marshal and passengers on the plane subdued the hijackers, killing Argà ¼ello. The plane landed safely in London. British authorities released Khaled on Sept. 30 as part of a deal for the release of hostages held in Jordan.Sept. 6: Trans World Airlines (TWA) Flight 741, en route from Frankfurt to New York, a Boeing 707 carrying 149 passengers and crew. Hijackers renamed the plane Gaza One and ordered it to the Jordanian airstrip. It was blown up on Sept. 12.Sept. 6: Swissair Flight 100 from Zurich to New York, a DC-8 with 155 passengers and crew. It was over France when hijackers seized it, renamed it Haifa One, and ordered it to Dawson Field in Jordan. It was blown up on Sept. 12.Sept. 6: Pan American Flight 93, a 747 taking off from Amsterdam and carrying 173 passen gers and crew, was ordered to fly to Beirut, even though the international airport there didnt have a runway for 747s. One more PFLP member, an explosives expert, boarded the plane in Beirut. The hijackers then ordered it flown to Cairo, where it landed at 4:23 a.m. and was blown up shortly afterward.The hijackers told us the plane would be blown up, but they said it so politely and with such smiles that we couldnt take this too seriously, Cornelius Van Aalst, the flights service supervisor, told reporters in Cairo, after the ordeal. The hijackers were very friendly, according to Van Aalst, showing exemplary manners and helping to carry an injured woman in a blanket from the plane.Sept. 9: BOAC Flight 775 from Bombay to London, a VC-10, was seized while flying over Lebanon. (The British Overseas Airways Corporation is the forerunner to British Airways.) PFLP hijackers said they had seized the plane as a ransom for the release of Leila Khaled, the foiled hijacker aboard the El Al pla ne. The BOAC plane carried 117 passengers and crew. It was allowed to land in Beirut, where it refueled, then flew to Dawson Field in Jordan to join the two other hijacked jets there. Why the Hijackings PFLP leader George Habash had planned the hijackings with Wadi Haddad, his lieutenant, in July 1970, when Jordan and Egypt agreed to a cease-fire with Israel that ended the War of Attrition that had stretched back to 1967. Habash, whose militants had been taking part in raids on Israel from the Sinai, Jordan, and Lebanon, was opposed to the settlement. If a settlement is made with Israel, Habash vowed, we will turn the Middle East into a hell. He was true to his word. Habash was in North Korea (on his way home from Beijing), on a shopping trip for weapons, when the hijackings took place. That created confusion over what the hijackers were demanding, as they had no clear spokesman. At one point a hijacker on board the Pan Am flight said the PFLP wanted the release of Sirhan Sirhan, the Palestinian convicted assassin of Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and serving a life sentence at the California State Prison, Corcoran. The PFLP then submitted a formal list of demands that called for the release of Palestinian and Arab prisoners in European and Israeli jails. There were about 3,000 Palestinian and other Arab individuals in Israeli jails at the time. Over three weeks, hostages were released in trickles--and the hijackers demands were met. On Sept. 30, Britain, Switzerland and West Germany agree to release seven Arab guerillas, including Leila Khaled, the El Al Flight 219 hijacker. Israel also released two Algerians and 10 Libyans. The Jordanian Civil War PLO leader Yasser Arafat seized on the hijackings to go on the offensive in Jordan--against King Hussein, who nearly abdicated his throne. A Syrian military column was on its way toward Amman, the Jordanian capital, in support of the Palestinian assault. But with the backing of the United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean and even the Israeli military, which was ready to intervene on the kings behalf, Hussein mobilized his forces and turned them against Palestinians in a bloody three-week war. Hussein triumphed, severely weakening the hijackers stance. A turning point in the battle--and the hostage crisis--was the Jordanian militarys rescue of 16 British, Swiss and German hostages held captive near Amman.